Guide to Python 3
Python 3 guide with just enough basics to begin hacking, note taking from TCM's course
How to read inputs from console
Reading input from STDIN, print output to STDOUT
Sample input
## Input
9
29
7
27
## STDIN
a = int(input())
b = int(input())
c = int(input())
d = int(input())
print(a**b + c**d) ## print to STDOUT
Basic Python 101

Note in the last line than the method "int" ONLY TAKES THE WHOLE NUMBER of a float (etc. returns 29 from 29.9)



Practice Reading Python scripts

Advanced Python 102
Importing, Advanced Strings, Dictionaries
!#/bin/python3
### 1. IMPORTING
import sys # system functions and parameters
from datetime import datetime
print(datetime.now())
from datetime import datetime as dt #import as alias
print(dt.now())
### 2. ADVANCED STRINGS
## SPLIT & JOIN
my_name = 'Davin'
print(my_name[0]) # first letter
print(my_name[:3]) # Dav (excludes the last)
print(my_name[-3:-1]) # vin
test = "hello there I am Davin"
print(test.split(" ")) # split by delimiter space
splitliaolor = test.split()
print(' '.join(splitliaolor))
print("A" in "Apple") # returns true
letter = "A", word = "Apple"
print(letter in word)
string.split(<insert delimiter>)
<delimiter>.join(string)
string.replace(<stringtoreplace> , newstring)
string.find(<string to find>)

Combining List to Dictionary
The Python zip() function accepts iterable items and merges them into a single tuple. The resultant value is a zip object that stores pairs of iterables. You can pass lists, tuples, sets, or dictionaries through the zip() function.

Hosting a web server
For example u might wanna do file transfer to a target machine for download
# go to the folder u want to host (let ur files be available)
### python 2 method
>>> python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80 #port
### python 3 method
>>> python3 -m http.server 80

# file transfer
pip3 install pyftpdlib
python3 -m pyftpdlib -p 21 w

Shitty Port Scanner Script
A good ol homemade nmap scanner to scan for open ports, for this script we are scanning only 50 to 85 as it takes too long!
# program name is scanner.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import sys #allow us to use command line arguments etc.
from datetime import datetime as dt
import socket
#Define our targets, make sure theres ip address input
if len(sys.argv) == 2: # this is as python3 scanner.py <ip>, <ip> is argument 1, 2 arguments to python 3
target = socket.gethostbyname(sys.argv[1]) #[1] selects ip, translates hostname to IP4
else:
print('Invalid amounts of arguments')
print('Syntax error: Follow python3 scanner.py <ip> la')
sys.exit()
#Add a pretty banner
print('-' *50)
print('Firing up, Scanning target ' + target )
print('Time started: ' + str(dt.now()))
print('-' * 50)
try:
for port in range(50,85): # runs port from 50 - 85 cos its shitty
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) #AF_INET is IPV4, SOCK_STREAM is your port
socket.setdefaulttimeout(1) #input is a float, detects port not open, then move on after 1s, if not it will hang forever!
result = s.connect_ex((target,port)) #if error connection, return error/if no error, returns 0
print("Checking port {} right now".format(port))
if result == 0: # no error
print("Port {} is open, noice.".format(port))
s.close()
except KeyboardInterrupt: # use ctrl + c to exit program
print("\nExiting Program sua")
sys.exit()
except socket.gaierror:
print("Hostname cannot be resolved la")
sys.exit()
except socket.error:
print("Couldnt connect to server walau")
sys.exit()
results:
Sockets
https://realpython.com/python-sockets/#background
Explanation for the Echo Server example shown below
TCP sockets are defined as
socket.SOCK_STREAM
UDP sockets are defined as
socket.SOCK-DGRAM
s.bind()
is used to associate the socket with a specific network interface and port numberHOST
can be a hostname, IP address, or empty string. If an IP address is used,host
should be an IPv4-formatted address string. The IP address127.0.0.1
is the standard IPv4 address for the loopback interface, so only processes on the host will be able to connect to the server. If you pass an empty string, the server will accept connections on all available IPv4 interfaces.listen()
enables a server toaccept()
connections. It makes it a “listening” socketwe now have a new socket object from
accept()
. This is important since it’s the socket that you’ll use to communicate with the client. It’s distinct from the listening socket that the server is using to accept new connectionsThis reads whatever data the client sends and echoes it back using
conn.sendall()
.If
conn.recv()
returns an emptybytes
object,b''
, then the client closed the connection and the loop is terminated. Thewith
statement is used withconn
to automatically close the socket at the end of the block.
Example of a sample implementation : an Echo Server (echo whatever received back to client)
the API calls the server makes to setup a “listening” socket:
socket()
bind()
listen()
accept()
A listening socket does just what it sounds like. It listens for connections from clients. When a client connects, the server calls accept()
to accept, or complete, the connection.
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import socket
HOST = '127.0.0.1' # standard loopback interface address 'localhost'
PORT = 65432 #port to listen on
#same as s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
s.bind((HOST, PORT))
s.listen()
conn, addr = s.accept()
with conn:
print('Connected by', addr)
while True:
data = conn.recv(1024)
if not data:
break
conn.sendall(data)
Echo Client
It creates a socket object, connects to the server and calls s.sendall()
to send its message. Lastly, it calls s.recv()
to read the server’s reply and then prints it.
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import socket
HOST = '127.0.0.1' # The server's hostname or IP address
PORT = 65432 # The port used by the server
with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
s.connect((HOST, PORT))
s.sendall(b'Hello, world')
data = s.recv(1024)
print('Received', repr(data))
sys.argv() : Command line arguments are those values that are passed during calling of program along with the calling statement. Thus, the first element of the array sys.argv()
is the name of the program itself. sys.argv()
is an array for command line arguments in Python. To employ this module named “sys
” is used. sys.argv
is similar to an array and the values are also retrieved like Python array.
For example,

Modules (HTTP & FTP Server)
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